Learning how to write research papers and essays can be overwhelming for students with low vision or print disabilities that impact access to standard print. Outlining papers is something that requires a strong digital workflow for organizing text and keeping track of notes, and I have found Microsoft OneNote to be a helpful tool for outlining research papers with low vision and dysgraphia. As part of my Writing Success series, here is how I outline research papers with the free OneNote application for various projects.
When it comes to writing essays for school or research papers, I love using Microsoft OneNote because I can break down parts of the project into notebook sections or pages, and also have the option to synchronize my notes across multiple devices. I can also add multimedia content, such as audio recordings, images, files, hyperlinks and drawings, which is helpful for gathering sources, and having all of the OneNote pages in one place is easier for me to navigate than a giant text document or multiple documents scattered around.
Instead of adding onto my class notebook where I take notes for lectures, I prefer to start fresh and create a new notebook specifically for a paper or major project, especially if I plan to share the notes with my professor or another classmate. When titling a new notebook, I use the class name and assignment name, such as “ENGH 302 AD Paper” and then create two sections labeled “Planning” and “Sources” for organizing pages.
I use the “Planning” section of my notebooks to share outlines, graphic organizers or other organizational strategies for making sense of information. Before I start taking notes on any sources or outlining anything, I find it helpful to do a “brain dump” page where I document what I already know about the topic, questions I would like my paper to address or potential headings/keywords that I can use. This is very similar to how I write posts for my website, and I use this time to identify existing knowledge gaps and plan for how I want to approach this topic.
Sometimes, my first brain dump will take place on a whiteboard, either a dry-erase board or something like Microsoft Whiteboard. I can document both of these things by either scanning my dry-erase board with Microsoft Lens or copying a link to the digital whiteboard in my notebook. Can I read my handwriting super well when whiteboarding? No, but the physical act of moving my hand and writing with a marker/stylus can help get ideas flowing, and then I will switch from writing on a whiteboard to typing on a keyboard to document thoughts that I can read later on.
After the brain dump is finished, I go back through what I have written and identify what research questions and goals I have for writing something. I tend to start out by writing very broad topics, and then narrow them down to something more specific, identifying 2-3 questions that I want my paper to answer really, really well. Here is what that process looked like when writing a paper on assistive technology for reading digital text:
By identifying the information I wanted to cover and narrowing down my topic to include my target population, types of content I want to include and segments for organizing this information further, I can create a more meaningful outline that answers my research questions.
In the Sources section of my notebook, I create a new page for each source I will be working with for my paper, using the source title as the title of a new page. I also include the citation or DOI at the top of the page so I can go back and find the information later if needed.
When it comes to taking notes, I often use the guiding research questions and goals to write down relevant information from the paper in my own words and avoid copy/pasting directly from the page into my own notes. I try to write in complete sentences when possible, as this helps with putting together the outline and most of my notes take the form of an unordered list with bullet points.
Depending on the length of the paper, I create a new page in the Planning section for my outline, or create sub-pages and make each paragraph/heading its own page. OneNote has options for incorporating heading levels into pages, which is great for organizing sections and main ideas.
If I am writing everything on one page, I use Heading 1 to group my “big ideas” and Heading 2 for the individual sections or paragraphs. For example, I might use the “big idea” of customizing the appearance of text for Heading 1, and then Heading 2 will feature smaller sections like font styles, adjusting text spacing, and text columns.
Under Heading 2, I will copy/paste bullet points from my Sources pages that connect back to that topic, and rearrange them so that they flow in a logical reading order. These essentially form the paragraphs of my paper, and I can rearrange different topics as I go or check to make sure I am not repeating information.
To keep track of where different bullet point notes come from, I create my own customized tags for each source that include a colorful icon or other way of distinguishing information by color, which I find helpful for tracking how often I am using different sources throughout the paper. I add the tags when copy/pasting from a source into my outline, and name the tags after their sources, which may be the shortened title of the paper or an author name.
To add custom tags to OneNote:
Another benefit of using the tags is that I can identify multiple sources that may include overlapping information, or sources that I ended up not using at all and can remove from the final references/citation page.
Even though writing an introduction and/or conclusion isn’t necessarily part of outlining a research paper, I find it helpful to use my outline to guide how I write these parts of the paper since it provides a high-level summary of different topics. I wait until after I have written all of the other paragraphs before writing the introduction, as it is difficult to introduce a paper I haven’t officially “met” yet, and make sure that the conclusion reflects all of the different “big ideas” and headings that I have incorporated elsewhere.
By Veronica Lewis/Veronica With Four Eyes, www.veroniiiica.com
Updated November 2024; original post published July 2021.
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