Introduction/Overview

In addition to blindness or visual impairment, a child may have additional disabilities, such as cognitive, developmental, hearing, or mobility impairments. Every student with multiple disabilities presents a unique educational challenge. Teachers need specialized training and skills to understand how these students experience and understand the world. In this section, families and educators will find introductions to the educational needs of these students, as well as best practice and policy overviews.

Multiple Disabilities, Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired (TSBVI)
http://www.tsbvi.edu/Education/infant/page5.htm#toc_h34
The author of this fact sheet stresses the importance of understanding "the interactional factors in multiple impairments. Each disability does not act in isolation (and should not be managed in isolation)."

Curriculum Access for Students with Low-Incidence Disabilities: The Promise of UDL, CAST Universal Design for Learning
http://www.cast.org/publications/ncac/ncac_lowinc.html#toc
In this primer on the Universal Design for Learning framework, Dr. Richard Jackson argues that creating a curriculum that accommodates students with low-incidence disabilities is beneficial to all learners.

Expansion of the Role of the Teacher of Students with Visual Impairments: Providing for Students Who Also Have Severe/Multiple Disabilities, Council of Exceptional Children/Division on Visual Impairments (DVI)
www.cde.state.co.us/cdesped/download/pdf/blv-ExpansionRoleTVI.pdf
This 7-page position paper by Rosanne Silberman outlines the competencies for teachers of students with visual impairments, and the additional skills necessary when children have other disabilities.

Learning and Educational Babysitting are Incompatible: Working with Students who have Severe Multiple Challenges, Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired (TSBVI)
http://www.tsbvi.edu/Education/vmi/learning-babysitting.htm
Dr. Mary Morse's presentation discusses physical, instructional, and social considerations for teaching students who have severe multiple challenges.

Tips for Home or School: Best Educational Practices for Students with Severe & Multiple Disabilities, Nevada Dual Sensory Impairment Project
http://www.unr.edu/educ/ndsip/tipsheets/bestedpractices.pdf
This one-page tip sheet identifies key components of best practices, including functional age-appropriate curricula, inclusion, behavior issues, transition planning, and parent involvement.

Untangling the Threads: When a Blind Child has Additional Disabilities, National Federation of the Blind (NFB)
http://www.nfb.org/images/nfb/Publications/fr/fr26/Issue3/fr260307.htm
A mother realized her own low expectations limited the independence of her daughter with multiple disabilities, and describes how she encourages the child to do more for herself. This is an entry from the listserv sponsored by the National Organization of Parents of Blind Children.

Joseph's Coat: People Teaming in Transdisciplinary Ways, Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired (TSBVI)
http://www.tsbvi.edu/Education/vmi/joseph.html
This article introduces the benefits of a collaborative approach to providing services for students with multiple disabilities, including teaching in the natural context, transdisciplinary teaming, assessment, IEPs, instructional strategies, routines, and documentation.

Web-Based Organizations and Internet Resources

Multiple Disabilities, Family Connect for Parents of Children with Visual Impairments
http://63.240.118.131/familyconnect/parentsitehome.asp?SectionID=83
This site is a resource for parents, featuring a range of articles and links on communication, socialization, orientation and mobility, and transition, and more.

Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired (TSBVI)
http://www.tsbvi.edu/Education/vmi/index.htm
Teaching Students with Visual and Multiple Impairments is a section of the Texas School's website. It offers a wealth of information on all aspects of working with students with visual impairments and additional disabilities.

National Consortium on Deaf-Blindness (NCDB)
http://www.nationaldb.org/index.php
NCDB "works collaboratively with families, federal, state and local agencies to provide technical assistance, information and personnel training." This site offers a broad range of information on all topics related to children and youth with deafblindness, including communication, behavior, assessment, and educational practices.

National Center on Severe and Sensory Disabilities (NCSSD)
http://www.unco.edu/ncssd/
NCSSD is a "resource center for information, training and technical assistance for families and educators of … children who are deaf and hard-of-hearing, visually impaired, or who have severe disabilities."

TASH
http://www.tash.org/index.html
TASH is "an international association of people with disabilities, their family members, other advocates, and professionals fighting for a society in which inclusion of all people in all aspects of society is the norm." Topics on their site include positive behavior support, inclusive education, communication, and community living.

Research at the National Center on Severe and Sensory Disabilities, National Center on Severe and Sensory Disabilities (NCSSD)
http://www.unco.edu/ncssd/research/research.shtml
This page has links to research-based practices, emerging research, and dissertations on low-incidence disabilities, including visual and hearing impairments and severe disabilities.

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), U.S. Department of Education
http://idea.ed.gov/
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) of 2004 ensures "services to children with disabilities throughout the nation. IDEA governs how states and public agencies provide early intervention, special education and related services to more than 6.5 million eligible infants, toddlers, children and youth with disabilities." The document can be viewed in its entirety here: http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=108_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ446.108

IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act), National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY)
http://www.nichcy.org/idea.htm
This page includes numerous links related to IDEA, including an explanation of the law, regulations, and training materials.